Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has claimed the blockchain trilemma – balancing decentralization, security, and scalability – has been solved through live implementations of ZK-EVMs and PeerDAS.
“The trilemma has been solved – not on paper, but with live running code, of which one half (data availability sampling) is *on mainnet today*, and the other half (ZK-EVMs) is *production-quality on performance today* – safety is what remains,” said Buterin in a post on X.
This story is an excerpt from the Unchained Daily newsletter.
Subscribe here to get these updates in your email for free
PeerDAS, introduced on the Ethereum mainnet with the recent Fusaka upgrade, lets validators sample data availability randomly instead of downloading full blocks, mimicking BitTorrent’s efficiency with consensus.
ZK-EVMs enable fast transaction verification without revealing underlying data, reaching production-quality performance. Buterin expects that by 2030, further gas limit increases will enable ZK-EVMs to become the primary way to validate blocks on the network.
Disclaimer: The information on this page may come from third parties and does not represent the views or opinions of Gate. The content displayed on this page is for reference only and does not constitute any financial, investment, or legal advice. Gate does not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of the information and shall not be liable for any losses arising from the use of this information. Virtual asset investments carry high risks and are subject to significant price volatility. You may lose all of your invested principal. Please fully understand the relevant risks and make prudent decisions based on your own financial situation and risk tolerance. For details, please refer to
Disclaimer.
Related Articles
Trader MaJi's ETH Position Ranks Top 2 on Hyperliquid With $1.599M Unrealized Gains
Trader MaJi holds three long positions on Hyperliquid, with total unrealized gains of $1.599 million. His largest position is a 25x long on ETH, followed by a 40x long on BTC, and a 10x long on HYPE, making him a significant ETH holder.
GateNews1h ago
ETH/BTC ratio rebounds—are institutional funds rotating? A deep dive into structural signals in the crypto market
BTC breaks through $75,000; the Iran–Israel ceasefire and fresh highs in U.S. stocks lift risk assets, but the options market remains somewhat cautious. The ETH/BTC ratio rebounds, signaling capital rotation.
GateInstantTrends4h ago
Whale Deposits 3,500 ETH to Aave V3, Borrows 8M USDC, and Buys Back 3,386 ETH
A whale deposited 3,500 ETH worth $8.26 million into Aave V3, borrowed 8 million USDC, then purchased 3,386 ETH and redeposited it, now holding 6,886 ETH valued at around $16.22 million.
GateNews4h ago
BitMine’s quarterly net loss was $3.81 billion, with ETH’s unrealized losses accounting for 99%
BitMine Immersion Technologies filed its financial report with the SEC on April 15, 2026, showing that the company’s quarterly net loss as of February 28 totaled $3.81B, mainly due to unrealized losses from its Ethereum holdings. The company holds about 4.87 million ETH, with an average purchase cost of $3,794 per ETH. Its recent market value exceeded $10.7 billion. The BMNR stock has been upgraded to the New York Stock Exchange, and the current quote is $21.69.
MarketWhisper4h ago
Calastone token network access of $68 billion, L&G fund supports same-day settlement
Legal & General Asset Management（L&G AM）announced that it has successfully moved more than £50 billion of its liquidity funds on-chain through a tokenized distribution network built with Calastone, supporting T+0 settlement and multi-currency pricing. This deployment is based on Ethereum, and it plans to expand to more blockchains in the future while ensuring compliance with the regulatory framework.
MarketWhisper8h ago
